Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX1 (with 14-42mm lens, Black)

Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX1 photo samples

I happen to like the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3 for what it is: a model that delivers the photo quality and speed that point-and-shoot upgraders are looking for in a size substantially smaller than a dSLR and with an interface that's familiar to them. But when it came out, I heard quite a few grumblings from people who wanted the real successor in the GF series. They didn't mind the slightly bigger size in exchange for a physical mode dial and hot shoe. Well, it looks like Panasonic heard those grumblings, too. Or perhaps it was always in the master plan. In any case, the Micro Four Thirds-based Lumix DMC-GX1 is the successor to the GF1 that the GF2 should have been. It resurrects that camera's better shooting design, most notably with the return of the physical mode dial, which Panasonic dropped from the GF2. It's actually a little bigger than that model, longer and deeper, but the depth comes from a slightly bigger grip and I can't fault it for that. Plus, it significantly improves on the performance and photo quality of both its predecessors.

But in other respects, it's just a modest update of the two GF models that precede it to bring it up to currency. It incorporates the sensor that's in the G3 (not the more advanced sensor from the GH2, despite the resolution similarity) and the current Light Speed autofocus architecture. Other additions to the camera are an electronic level and a one-button autoexposure override.

Though the GX1 delivers some of Panasonic's best photo quality to date, the issues with so-so JPEG processing remain, and its noise profile generally still can't match the NEX-5N. In good light, you can shoot JPEGs up to about ISO 400 without serious detail degradation, although even at ISO 200 you can see some softness, and at its lowest sensitivity of ISO 160, you can still see some noise in darker areas. But raw looks good up through ISO 800--a bit grainy and with some clipping in the shadows--and remains pretty usable at ISO 1,600. Colors render accurately and the exposures look on target.

The video looks good, and the 1080/30p MP4 option is a nice alternative to the interlaced AVCHD (although I don't know why it doesn't just incorporate AVCHD 2.0). It's sharp and pleasingly saturated, and the image stabilization in the X series lens does a fine job, but like most of the models in this class, it suffers from annoying rolling shutter. The stereo mic also fares pretty well, and though sensitive doesn't pick up any noise from the quiet power zoom lens.

While the GX1 lags the Nikon 1 J1 on single-shot or burst performance, it and its sibling the GF3 lead the class for shot-to-shot speed, which I tend to weight a little more heavily as long a camera performs pretty well on its single shots. It wakes and shoots in about a second: like the J1, the need to drive the lens while powering on slows the camera a little at startup. It can focus and shoot in good light in about 0.3 second and about 0.6 second in dim light. Shooting JPEG takes about 0.5 second for two sequential shots, which increases to about 0.6 second for raw; JPEG+raw feels adequately speedy. Using flash bumps the duration between shots by about a second. The GX1 bursts at about 4fps with LCD updates, a respectable time for its class, but as with many non-OVF cameras the display doesn't update fast enough to keep a moving subject in the frame. It also has an SH (super-high) speed burst mode, which shoots 20fps for 2 seconds.

	Panasonic Lumix DMC-G3	Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF2	Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3	Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX1	Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH2
Sensor (effective resolution)	16-megapixel Live MOS	12.1-megapixel Live MOS	12.1-megapixel Live MOS	16-megapixel Live MOS	16.1-megapixel Live MOS
	17.3 x 13.0mm	17.3 x 13.0mm	17.3 x 13.0mm	17.3 x 13.0mm	17.3 x 13.0mm
Focal-length multiplier	2.0x	2.0x	2.0x	2.0x	2.0x
Sensitivity range	ISO 100 - ISO 6,400	ISO 100 - ISO 6,400	ISO 100 - ISO 6,400	ISO 160 - ISO 12,800	ISO 160 - ISO 12,800
Continuous shooting	4fps unlimited JPEG/7 raw	3.2fps unlimited JPEG/7 raw	3.8fps unlimited JPEG/7 raw	4.2fps unlimited JPEG/9 raw	5.0fps unlimited JPEG/ 7 raw
Viewfinder magnification/ effective magnification	Electronic 1.4 million dots 100% coverage 1.4x/0.7x magnification	Optional	None	Optional	Electronic 1.5 million dots 100% coverage 1.42x/0.71x magnification
Autofocus	23-area contrast AF	23-area contrast AF	23-area contrast AF	23-area contrast AF	23-area contrast AF
Shutter speed	60-1/4,000 sec; bulb to 2 minutes	60-1/4,000 sec; bulb to 4 minutes; 1/160 x-sync	60-1/4,000 sec; 1/160 x-sync	60-1/4,000 sec; bulb to 2 minutes; 1/160 sec x-sync	1/4,000 to 60 secs; bulb up to 2 minutes; 1/160 x-sync
Metering	144 zone	144 zone	144 zone	144 zone	144 zone
Image stabilization	Optical	Optical	Optical	Optical	Optical
On-camera flash	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Video	AVCHD 1080/60i @ 17 Mbps; 720/60p @ 17 Mbps	1080/60i/50i @ 17, 13 Mbps 720/60p @17, 13 Mbps AVCHD or Motion JPEG QuickTime MOV	1080/60i/50i @ 17 Mbps 720/60p @17 Mbps AVCHD or Motion JPEG QuickTime MOV	AVCHD: 1080/60i/50i @ 17, 13 Mbps 720/60p/50p @17,13 Mbps: MPEG-4: 1080/30p/25p @ 20Mbps	AVCHD 1080/60i/50i/24p (60p sensor output) @ 24, 17, 13Mbps; 720/60p @ 17, 13Mbps QuickTime MOV Motion JPEG 720/30p
Audio	Stereo	Stereo	Mono	Stereo	Stereo, mic input
LCD size	3 inches articulated 460,000 dots	3-inch fixed touch screen 460,000 dots	3-inch fixed touch screen 460,000 dots	3-inch fixed touch screen 460,000 dots	3 inches articulated 460,000 dots
Battery life (CIPA rating)	250 shots	300 shots	320 shots	310 shots	340 shots
Dimensions (inches, WHD)	4.5 x 3.3 x 1.8	4.4 x 2.7 x 1.3	4.2 x 2.6 x 1.3	4.6 x 2.7 x 1.6	4.9 x 3.5 x 3.0
Body operating weight (ounces)	11.8 (est)	11	9.3	11.3	17.8
Mfr. price	n/a	$499.95 (body only, est)	$499.95 (body only, est)	$699.99 (body only)	$899.95 (body only)
	$699.99 (with 14-42mm lens)	$599.95 (with 14-42mm lens)	$599.95 (with 14-42mm lens)	$949.99 (with X PZ 14-42mm lens)	$999.95 (with 14-42mm lens)
	n/a	$699.95 (with 14mm f2.5 lens)	$699.95 (with 14mm f2.5 lens)	$799.99 (with standard 14-42mm lens)	$1499.95 (with 14-140mm lens)
Ship date	June 2011	January 2011	July 2011	December 2011	December 2010

I really like the design of the GX1, though I do have a few quibbles. It's a little bigger than the rest of the field, but none of these is sufficiently small with a lens attached to be considered significantly smaller than the others. It's got a nice-size grip and thumb rest, which makes it comfortable to hold and shoot single-handed, and it feels well constructed.

Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX1 photos

The camera includes a flash similar to the GF3's, which you can hold tilted back to bounce the light, a nice touch, and the hot shoe doubles as a mount for an optional electronic viewfinder. Aside from that, the controls have a fairly typical layout. The mode dial includes the usual set of PASM modes, plus two slots for four custom settings groups, scene modes, and Panasonic's rather uninspiring Creative Control special-effects modes. There's also an iA intelligent auto override button for quickly jumping in and out of auto mode, a Panasonic-specific implementation I like, and a video record button.

The back contains the usual array of controls as well, including two programmable function buttons, a button for toggling between manual and autofocus, and a jog dial for mode-specific adjustments. As with its sibling cameras, the GX1 has a great hybrid interface, which can operate either via the extremely customizable touch screen or completely via the hard controls; for instance, you can select which options appear on the Quick Menu, place the histogram anywhere on the screen, and perform almost any operation with either the buttons or touch. With the new PZ lenses, you can also zoom via the touch screen, at two different fixed and one variable speed, and it provides a readout of the focal length, a level of precision I like.

The LCD is fine: it's bright, if somewhat low resolution--good enough for manual focus, though--and usable in direct sunlight.

My sole complaint about the interface is that some of the buttons are flush with the body and hard not only to feel, but to press. This includes the movie record button, which provides little tactile feedback and the Q Menu button, which is simply too important to be so hard to feel. The silver buttons are also etched, rather than labeled, and it's nearly impossible to see the etching in dim light without tilting the camera toward a light source.

My biggest design reservations have nothing to do with the camera and more to do with the X series lens, and the lens in kit with the camera. I really like the concept behind the powered lens, and that it automatically retracts when you power off and becomes quite compact. It's quick and quiet, with good stabilization, and optically seems about the same as its traditional 14-42mm counterpart.

But the placement of the zoom and manual focus switches is really awkward, especially if you're shooting without the optional EVF; I always feel like I'm contorting my hand to operate the zoom when holding the LCD at eye level. My thumb naturally falls on the manual focus switch, which left me frustratingly trying to zoom while accidentally operating the wrong control. Furthermore, using a switch for manual focus feels annoyingly imprecise compared with a manual focus ring. The lens is really optimized for shooting video, and the location of the switches seems like it would be most comfortable either with an EVF or articulated LCD, neither of which the GX1 has. Given how much extra the lens costs over the older kit lens, I highly suggest trying the camera with both before buying.

The feature set is solid, but there's nothing particularly exceptional beyond what competitors offer, and a tilting or articulated LCD would be really nice. It does offer a seven-shot exposure bracket, with a six-stop range, which should appeal to HDR shooters. Panasonic introduced a new AF mode with the GX1, AFF (Autofocus Flexible), that's designed to adjust to small movements of the subject that presumably fall through the cracks between tracking AF and continuous AF, but I couldn't get it to exhibit any advantage over the older AF methods and focus area options--and for which the GX1 offers a lot of choices.

Conclusion
The GX1 may not have retro-tastic looks, but it's a well-designed, really good ILC that's got a lot to offer advanced shooters, as long as you're not trying to capture sports. Definitely try out the power zoom lens before committing to that kit, though.

Shooting speed (in seconds)
(Shorter bars indicate better performance)

Time to first shot

Raw shot-to-shot time

Typical shot-to-shot time

Shutter lag (dim)

Shutter lag (typical)

Nikon 1 J1

1 

1.3 

1.1 

0.4 

0.2 

Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX1

1 

0.6 

0.5 

0.6 

0.3 

Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3

0.6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.3 

Olympus PEN E-P3

0.6 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.3 

Sony NEX-5N

1.2 

1.1 

1 

0.6 

0.3 

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